Professionalism: from identity to excellence

Cooke M, Irby DM, O'Brien BC. Educating Physicians: A Call for Reform of Medical School and Residency. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2010.

Alnasser A, Williams B, Gosling CM. How is professionalism measured in health care pro-fessions? Health Sci Rev. 2025;16:100224.

Cruess RL, Cruess SR, Boudreau JD, Snell L, Steinert Y. A schematic representation of the professional identity formation and socialization of medical students and residents: a guide for me-dical educators. Acad Med. 2015;90(6):718-725.

Ryan RM, Deci EL. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. Am Psychol. 2000;55(1):68-78.

MacIntyre A. After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory. 3rd ed. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press; 2007.

Kruskie LM, Artino AR, Bynum WE. Investigating feelings of imposterism in first-year me-dical student narratives. Med Educ. 2025;59(1):112-120.

Taylor C. The Ethics of Authenticity. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1991.

Ibarra H. Provisional selves: experimenting with image and identity in professional adapta-tion. Adm Sci Q. 1999;44(4):764-791.

Gaudreau P. On the distinction between personal standards perfectionism and excellencism: a theory elaboration and research agenda. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2019;14(2):197-215.

Steinert Y, O'Sullivan PS, Irby DM. Strengthening teachers' professional identities through faculty development. Acad Med. 2019;94(7):963-968.