Keywords
Microbiota
Saúde Mental
SARS-CoV-2
Disbiose
How to Cite
Abstract
Introdução: A COVID-19, causada pelo SARS-CoV-2, é uma doença que afeta principalmente o trato respiratório, mas também provoca manifestações gastrointestinais, como dores abdominais, vômitos e diarreia. Essas manifestações sugerem desequilíbrio na microbiota intestinal, que pode impactar a saúde mental, uma vez que a microbiota exerce influência sobre o cérebro através de vias neurais, endócrinas e imunológicas. A disbiose gastrointestinal está associada a doenças neurológicas, como ansiedade, depressão, Alzheimer, autismo e Parkinson. Objetivo: Este artigo visa revisar a literatura científica sobre a relação entre as manifestações gastrointestinais da COVID-19 e seus efeitos sobre a saúde mental, explorando os mecanismos biológicos subjacentes a essa conexão. Métodos: A revisão sistemática seguiu as diretrizes PRISMA 2020, com a questão de pesquisa: “Como as manifestações gastrointestinais da COVID-19 afetam o eixo intestino-cérebro e a saúde mental?”. A busca foi realizada na PubMed entre 03/11/2024 e 05/11/2024, utilizando os termos “COVID-19”, “microbiome” e “microbiota”. Foram incluídos estudos originais e ensaios clínicos sobre a interação entre COVID-19, problemas gastrointestinais e microbiota. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada pelo NHLBI, classificando os estudos como qualitativos. Conclusão: Pesquisas futuras devem investigar os efeitos a longo prazo da disbiose intestinal, identificando assinaturas microbianas associadas a desfechos graves e condições pós-COVID-19. A interação entre a microbiota e moduladores imunológicos, assim como a relação com psicopatologias, também deve ser explorada. O uso de abordagens multiômicas e clínicas pode possibilitar terapias personalizadas, como transplante fecal ou microbiomas sintéticos, para tratar distúrbios psicológicos e outras doenças.
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